Mobile Nutrients

What Are Mobile Nutrients

The growth and development of plants highly depends on nutrients acquired from the soil, air, or through fertilizers. Nutrients are essential for the growth of a plant, and they differ in their ability to move within the plant. The demand of nutrients keeps changing throughout the life of the plant. It generally increases during vegetative growth, and decreases during reproductive development. When inside the plant, nutrients are transported to the locations where they are necessary, generally to the points of growth. Once nutrients are absorbed by the plant, some elements can be mobile while others can be immobile. Nutrient mobility influences redistribution of nutrients and the fertilization of crops.Mobile nutrients can leave their original location and move to areas where the requirement is more, and immobile elements normally get locked in place and stay there. If one knows how nutrients move within the plants, then it can become a lot easier in diagnosing deficiency symptoms. The deficiency symptoms of mobile nutrients can be first seen in the older leaves as the nutrients are transported to new growth from there. Immobile nutrient deficiencies can be first seen in the new growth as the plant cannot take ample amount of nutrients to transport them to the new shoots.

What Are The Mobile Nutrients

There are eighteen elements, found in the nature, which can be considered necessary for plant growth and nutrition. Each of these elements has their own functions in the plant, and differs in characteristics and in the level in which they are required. Three out of these eighteen elements are non-minerals and the rest are minerals. The non-mineral elements are carbon (C), hydrogen (H)and oxygen(O). These elements are used within the physical plant structure, and are obtained from the environment (from carbon dioxide, CO₂) and water (H₂O). They form the basis for carbohydrates such as sugars and starch and acts as the source of energy for the plant.The minerals can be further classified into primary and secondary macronutrients and micronutrients. Plants need macronutrients in comparatively large amounts and micronutrients are required in smaller amounts. The requirement of nutrients increases as the plant grows.If nutrients are deficient or present in excess amounts, then plant will be damaged by slowing down or constraining the growth. Most of the time deficiencies can be identified by observing plants.

Primary Macronutrients

Primary macronutrients comprise of nitrogen (N), phosphorous (P), and potassium (K), which contributes to nutrient content of plants, function of plant enzymes and biomechanical processes. If macronutrient are present in deficit amounts it will result in reduced plant growth and yield. These three elements are considered most important nutrients that are absorbed from fertilizers.Secondary macronutrients comprise of calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulfur (S).

Primary Micronutrients

Micronutrients, even though used in very small quantities, are also essential for plant growth and survival. These include boron (B), copper (Cu),iron (Fe), molybdenum (Mo), zinc (Zn), chlorine (Cl), manganese (Mn), cobalt (Co) and nickel (Ni).

Mobility in plants- In the plant, nitrogen, phosphorous, potassiumand magnesium are very mobile. Suplhur, copper, iron, molybdenum, zinc, and manganese are moderately mobile. Calcium and boron are immobile nutrients.

Mobility in soil- In soil, nitrogen as nitrate, sulfur as sulfate, and boron are very mobile. Potassium, calcium, molybdenum and magnesium are moderately mobile. Organic nitrogen, phosphorous, copper, iron, zinc and manganese are immobile nutrients.

What Is Calcium?

What is calcium? Why do plants need calcium? Where do we get calcium from? These are some of the questions that beginner growers ask. Let’s begin with the basic first, calcium is a alkaline metal with the symbol Ca and its atomic number is 20 on the periodic table. Calcium is the fifth most abundant element in the earth crust, and every living cell depends on it. But for today we would be talking about why plants need calcium.

Why Do Plants Need Calcium?

Calcium is an essential secondary macro-nutrient that is absorbed by the roots of plants and travels by the xylem to new shoots and leaves. The plant uses calcium to strengthen cell walls, hold cells together, plants metabolism, and activates specific plant enzymes. Calcium improves the absorption of nutrients and helps in their translocation within the plant. Calcium is a alkaline metal which helps neutralize organic acids in plants that form during cell metabolism such as bonding to pectate acid to form calcium pectate. Unlike most macro-nutrients calcium is not a mobile nutrient meaning that it starts at the roots and ends at the leaves, it does not go up and down.

This Island Is Covered with Limestone
( Limestone is mainly composed of calcium carbonate or dolomite)

Calcium Deficiency

In nature calcium deficiencies are rare because there is so much of it in the soil, unlike everything else calcium is not considered a leach able nutrient. But depending on your soil condition, what calcium you have could not be available to your plant. In This section we are going to discuss a lot of the main causes for calcium deficiency.

Environmental Stress

Calcium travels by transport of the xylem, as the plant draws in new water it releases the old water thru its leaves into the air. Humidity, temperature, light, soil condition and wind could potentially slow down transpiration affecting the intake of calcium. ( “Xylem: the vascular tissue in plants that conducts water and dissolved nutrients upward from the root and also helps to form the woody element in the stem.”) Definition from dictionary.com

Lack Of Watering

Very similar to environmental stresses the lack of water can and will cause a calcium deficiency. ( Remember that calcium is up taken with water by the xylem)

Water PH

When your PH is below 6 the solubility of calcium drops. ( Ideal PH is 6.0- 7.0)

What Happens When There Is Too Much Calcium?

Excessive calcium creates a nutrient lock preventing other important macro nutrients and micro nutrients from being adsorb. (Potassium, magnesium, manganese and iron and etc…. ) When you have an excessive amount of calcium you’ll begin to see symptoms of other deficiencies making it hard for the beginner grower to spot and diagnose.Calcium is consider a non leach able substance meaning that it doesn’t drain away with water. If you are adding more calcium than your plant can use and keep adding more and more flushing your plants might be difficult then anticipated.

Sources Of Calcium

Gypsum: Composed of calcium sulfate dihydrate ( Will Not Raise PH ) Buy Now!

Lime: Calcitic lime and/or Dolomite lime ( Will Raise PH ) According to U.S. National Institutes of Health’s National Library of Medicine some plants could pull carbon from calcium carbonate instead of from the air. Buy Now!

Grounded Shells: You’ll want to bake them around 200 degrees and then crush them up. ( Remember this method is more natural but takes longer to be available, you can add vinegar to speed up the process)

Bone meal: Just like the name implies bone meal is finely grounded up animals. Buy Now!

Cal Mag: Calcium and Magnesium deficiency are most of the time associated together. Buy Now!

In a recent study we provided evidence that pigweed, an aggressive weed, attenuates this problem exploiting large crystals of calcium oxalate as dynamic carbon pools. This plant is able to photosynthesize even under drought conditions, when stomata are closed and water losses are limited, using carbon dioxide from crystal decomposition instead from the atmosphere. U.S. National Institutes of Health’s National Library of Medicine

References

ScienceDirect

Soil in the Environment By Daniel Hillel

U.S. National Institutes of Health’s National Library of Medicine

Cell.com

North Carolina Department Of Agriculture And Consumer Services

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